Environmental pollution

Environmental pollution

Environmental pollution is contamination of air, water and land from man-made waste. Pollution leads to depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and climate change. Air pollution is the release of chemicals and particles into the atmosphere. Water pollution includes surface runoff, leakage into groundwater, liquid spills, wastewater discharge and littering. If toxins are spilled on the ground or if an underground storage tank leaks, soil can become contaminated. Well known contaminants include herbicides and pesticides. Toxic waste is waste material, often in chemical form, which pollutes the natural environment and contaminates groundwater.

Other types of pollution include ocean pollution and noise pollution. Environmental pollution can have a deadly effect on humans and ecosystems. For example, cigarette smoke, including second-hand smoke, causes cancer, emphysema, stroke and heart attack. Drinking water can become contaminated by untreated sewage, rashes and skin problems occur due to oil spills, while excessive noise can cause hearing loss. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 to put a limit on the amount of pollutants in the air. Congress passed the Clean Air Act in 1963, the Noise Control Act in 1972 and the Clean Water Act in 1977. Pollution is a bigger concern in other parts of the world, especially developing countries. Time Magazine reported in 2007 that the most polluted spots in the world included China, India, Peru and Russia.

Management Information System

Management Information System

Management Information System

Management Information System
Overall information system not only contained in management information systems, because not all information in the organization can be incorporated into a fully automated system. Key aspects of information systems will always exist outside the computer system.
In the business development of sophisticated management information system with computer-based needs of people who have high skill and long experience and requires the participation of the managers of the organization. Since many organizations fail to develop management information systems due to:
First, the lack of proper organization
Second, the lack of adequate planning
Third, the lack of skilled personnel
Fourth, lack of management participation in the form of participation of managers in designing the system, control system development efforts and motivate all personnel involved.
Good management information system is a management information system capable of balancing costs and benefits to be gained means that the SIM will save costs, increase revenue and immeasurable arising from the information very useful.
Organizations need to realize when they are quite realistic in their desires, meticulous in designing and implementing the SIM and the natural desire to fit in determining the cost limit from the point of the potential benefits, then the resulting SIM will provide benefits and money.
In a computer management information systems is not an absolute prerequisite in theory, but in practice good manajemenyang information system would not exist without the help of computer processing capability. The main principle of the design of management information systems: Information systems are carefully woven manajemenharus to be able to serve the primary task.
Management information system aims to meet the needs of the general information of all managers in the company or within organizational subunits company.Manajemenmenyediakan information system for user information in the form of reports and output from various simulation models of mathematics

Mount Everest

Mount Everest

Mount Everest (Mount Sagarmāthā (Nepali: सगरमाथा), Tibetan: ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ; Chinese Zhumulangma Peak simplified Chinese: 珠穆朗玛峰; pinyin: Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng), Chajamlangma (Limbu), or Mount Chomolungma) is the world's highest mountain above sea level at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft). It is located in the Himalayas in Asia.
In 1856, the Great Trigonometric Survey of British India established the first published height of Everest, then known as Peak XV, at 29,002 ft (8,840 m). In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society upon recommendation of Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India at the time, who named it after his predecessor in the post, and former chief, Sir George Everest.^[4] Chomolungma had been in common use by Tibetans for centuries, but Waugh was unable to propose an established local name because Nepal and Tibet were closed to foreigners.
The highest mountain in
the world attracts many well-experienced mountaineers as well as novice climbers who are willing to pay substantial sums to professional mountain guides to complete a successful climb. The mountain, while not posing substantial technical climbing difficulty on the standard route (other eight-thousanders such as K2 or Nanga Parbat are much more difficult), still has many inherent dangers such as altitude sickness, weather and wind. By the end of the 2008 climbing season, there had been 4,102 ascents to the summit by about 2,700 individuals.^[5] Climbers are a significant source of tourist revenue for Nepal, whose government also requires all prospective climbers to obtain an expensive permit, costing up to US $ 25,000 per person.^[6] By the end of 2009 Everest had claimed 216 lives,^[5] including eight who perished during a 1996 storm high on the mountain. Conditions are so difficult in the death zone (altitudes higher than 8,000 m/26,246 ft) that most corpses have been left where they fell. Some of them are visible from standard climbing routes.

Blood on our Hands

Blood on our hands

Blood on our hands
Shulamit Aloni amazed by public’s ability to get caught up in wave of patriotic zeal over Gaza op
Shulamit Aloni
Hamas men and their leaders belong to the evil camp, and their hatred for us made them cast away the rational inhibitions required of a leadership that is concerned for the wellbeing of its citizens. Indeed, Hamas’ conduct ever since the Gaza withdrawal and subsequent election victory does not merit any praise. However, Strip residents who are captives of Hamas’ leadership – women, the elderly, children, students, lecturers, hospitals, doctors, and patients – do not have to be punished with destruction, death, and bereavement because of the despicable acts of their leaders.
It is doubtful whether the method of punishment adopted by the State of Israel for some years now, in the form of targeting populated areas, dropping one-ton bombs on civilian neighborhoods, and using cluster bombs, has any effect or wisdom.
The defense minister declared that the time for war has arrived, in order to put an end to the criminal harassment in the form of murderous rockets fired from Gaza at our communities. Well, the IDF embarked on war with much force, knowledge, and advanced planning in order to sow fear and horror on Gaza civilians and leaders. And it worked for him! There, the defense minister already gained five Knesset seats in pre-election polls. The defense minister is happy, and the people - proud of their glorious army - are already resorting to exaggerated passion and are vowing to elect the hero and his party.
Yet why did he abandon Gilad Shalit? Why didn’t he secure his release before embarking on the operation? Hamas demanded the release of prisoners, and we argued that many of them have blood on their hands, yet when it comes to killing and assassinations we are much more capable than them. Within the first 24 hours of the operation we killed more than 300 people, including two innocent girls, not to mention the victims we killed between this operation and previous ones.
Why did our well organized army, with its excellent intelligence capabilities, object to the release of Palestinian prisoners, when we could send them back home and later assassinate them in the heat of the battle? After all, we are already used to assassinations from the air, sea, at hideouts, or in populated neighborhoods. Assassinate – that is, to kill and murder.
Moreover, the people who drop our bombs do not get stained with blood. Our system is simple: There is no need for evidence or for a trial. Once we decide that a certain someone is wanted, one bang and he’s gone. Recently, the army was also granted permission to kill civilians who happen to be near a wanted person; this was published in the press about two weeks ago next to a photo of a smiling army chief.
There is no doubt that had the defense minister first secured the release of our captive soldier, he would have gained more than five Knesset seats. He may have even been crowned as the king of Israel.

Microsoft Corporation

Cuap Cuap

Microsoft Corporation

Microsoft Corporation is a public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system (OS) market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of OSs. The ensuing rise of stock in the company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO) made an estimated four billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Microsoft would come to dominate other markets as well, notably the office suite market with Microsoft Office.
Primarily in the 1990s, critics contend the company used monopolistic business practices and anti-competitive strategies including refusal to deal and tying, put unreasonable restrictions in the use of its software, and used misrepresentative marketing tactics; both the U.S. Department of Justice and European Commission found the company in violation of antitrust laws.
Known for its interviewing process with obscure questions, various studies and ratings were generally favorable to Microsoft's diversity within the company as well as its overall environmental impact with the exception of the electronics portion of the business.

Rafflesia Flower

Rafflesia Flower

Rafflesia is a genus of parasitic flowering plants. It contains approximately 27 species (including four incompletely characterized species as recognized by Willem Meijer in 1997), all found in southeastern Asia, on the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and the Philippines.
Rafflesia was found in the Indonesian rain forest by an Indonesian guide working for Dr. Joseph Arnold in 1818, and named after Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, the leader of the expedition. It was discovered even earlier by Louis Deschamps in Java between 1791 and 1794, but his notes and illustrations, seized by the British in 1803, were not available to western science until 1861.^{[citation needed]}
The plant has no stems, leaves or true roots. It is an endoparasite of vines in the genus Tetrastigma (Vitaceae), spreading its absorptive organ, the haustorium, inside the tissue of the vine. The only part of the plant that can be seen outside the host vine is the five-petaled flower. In some species, such as Rafflesia arnoldii, the flower may be over 100 centimetres (39 in) in diameter, and weigh up to 10 kilograms (22 lb). Even the smallest species, R. baletei, has 12 cm diameter flowers. The flowers look and smell like rotting flesh, hence its local names which translate to "corpse flower" or "meat flower" (but see below). The vile smell that the flower gives off attracts insects such as flies, which transport pollen from male to female flowers. Most species have separate male and female flowers, but a few have bisexual flowers. Little is known about seed dispersal. However, tree shrews and other forest mammals apparently eat the fruits and disperse the seeds. Rafflesia is an official state flower of Indonesia, also Sabah state in Malaysia, as well as for the Surat Thani Province, Thailand.
The name "corpse flower" applied to Rafflesia is confusing because this common name also refers to the Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanum) of the family Araceae. Moreover, because Amorphophallus has the world's largest unbranched inflorescence, it is sometimes mistakenly credited as having the world's largest flower. Both Rafflesia and Amorphophallus are flowering plants, but they are still distantly related. Rafflesia arnoldii has the largest single flower of any flowering plant, at least when one judges this by weight. Amorphophallus titanum has the largest unbranched inflorescence, while the Talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera) forms the largest branched inflorescence, containing thousands of flowers; this plant is monocarpic, meaning that individuals die after flowering.

Batic,Traditional Fabric of Indonesia

Batik, Traditional Fabric of Indonesia

It would be impossible to visit or live in Indonesia and not be exposed to one of the country's most highly developed art forms, batik. On your first visit to a batik store or factory you will undoubtedly experience an overwhelming stimulation of the senses - due to the many colors, patterns and the actual smell of batik. Only through repeated visits and a bit of study will the types of designs and their origins become apparent.

The word batik is thought to be derived from the word 'ambatik' which translated means 'a cloth with little dots'. The suffix 'tik' means little dot, drop, point or to make dots. Batik may also originate from the Javanese word 'tritik' which describes a resist process for dying where the patterns are reserved on the textiles by tying and sewing areas prior to dying, similar to tie dye techniques. Another Javanese phase for the mystical experience of making batik is “mbatik manah” which means “drawing a batik design on the heart”.
A Brief History

Although experts disagree as to the precise origins of batik, samples of dye resistance patterns on cloth can be traced back 1,500 years ago to Egypt and the Middle East. Samples have also been found in Turkey, India, China, Japan and West Africa from past centuries. Although in these countries people were using the technique of dye resisting decoration, within the textile realm, none have developed batik to its present day art form as the highly developed intricate batik found on the island of Java in Indonesia.

King Kertajasa East Java 1294-1309Although there is mention of 'fabrics highly decorated' in Dutch transcripts from the 17th century, most scholars believe that the intricate Javanese batik designs would only have been possible after the importation of finely woven imported cloth, which was first imported to Indonesia from India around the 1800s and afterwards from Europe beginning in 1815. Textile patterns can be seen on stone statues that are carved on the walls of ancient Javanese temples such as Prambanan (AD 800), however there is no conclusive evidence that the cloth is batik. It could possibly be a pattern that was produced with weaving techniques and not dying. What is clear is that in the 19th century batik became highly developed and was well ingrained in Javanese cultural life.

Some experts feel that batik was originally reserved as an art form for Javanese royalty. Certainly it's royal nature was clear as certain patterns were reserved to be worn only by royalty from the Sultan's palace. Princesses and noble women may have provided the inspiration for the highly refined design sense evident in traditional patterns. It is highly unlikely though that they would be involved in any more than the first wax application. Most likely, the messy work of dyeing and subsequent waxings was left to court artisans who would work under their supervision.

Javanese royalty were known to be great patrons of the arts and provided the support necessary to develop many art forms, such as silver ornamentation, wayang kulit (leather puppets) and gamelan orchestras. In some cases the art forms overlap. The Javanese dalang (puppeteer) not only was responsible for the wayang puppets but was also Tambil Miring Designan important source of batik patterns. Wayang puppets are usually made of goat skin, which is then perforated and painted to create the illusion of clothing on the puppet. Used puppets were often sold to eager ladies who used the puppets as guides for their batik patterns. They would blow charcoal through the holes that define the patterns of clothing on the puppets, in order to copy the intricate designs onto the cloth.

Other scholars disagree that batik was only reserved as an art form for royalty, as they also feel its use was prevalent with the rakyat, the people. It was regarded an important part of a young ladies accomplishment that she be capable of handling a canting (the pen-like instrument used to apply wax to the cloth) with a reasonable amount of skill, certainly as important as cookery and other housewifery arts to Central Javanese women.

AIR POLUTION

An air pollutant is known as a substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the environment. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made.^[2]
Pollutants can be classified as either primary or secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are substances directly emitted from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption, the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories.
Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is ground level ozone — one of the many secondary pollutants that make up photochemical smog.
Note that some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: that is, they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants.
About 4 percent of deaths in the United States can be attributed to air pollution, according to the Environmental Science Engineering Program at the Harvard School of Public Health.
Major primary pollutants produced by human activity include:

• Sulfur oxides (SO_x) - especially sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO₂. SO₂ is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO₂, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO₂, forms H₂SO₄, and thus acid rain.[2] This is one of the causes for concern over the environmental impact of the use of these fuels as power sources.
• Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) - especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion. Can be seen as the brown haze dome above or plume downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO₂. It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO₂ is one of the most prominent air pollutants.
• Carbon monoxide - is a colourless, odourless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide.
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) - a greenhouse gas emitted from combustion but is also a gas vital to living organisms. It is a natural gas in the atmosphere.
• Volatile organic compounds - VOCs are an important outdoor air pollutant. In this field they are often divided into the separate categories of methane (CH₄) and non-methane (NMVOCs). Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced global warming. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are also significant greenhouse gases via their role in creating ozone and in prolonging the life of methane in the atmosphere, although the effect varies depending on local air quality. Within the NMVOCs, the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens and may lead to leukemia through prolonged exposure. 1,3-butadiene is another dangerous compound which is often associated with industrial uses.

• Particulate matter - Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM) or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be man made or natural. Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes also generate significant amounts of aerosols. Averaged over the globe, anthropogenic aerosols—those made by human activities—currently account for about 10 percent of the total amount of aerosols in our atmosphere. Increased levels of fine particles in the air are linked to health hazards such as heart disease,^[3] altered lung function and lung cancer.

• Persistent free radicals connected to airborne fine particles could cause cardiopulmonary disease.^[4][5]

MOLECULAR CLONING

Molecular cloning

Main article: Molecular cloning

Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. It is used in a wide array of biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production. Occasionally, the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest, such as in positional cloning. In practice, localization of the gene to a chromosome or genomic region does not necessarily enable one to isolate or amplify the relevant genomic sequence. To amplify any DNA sequence in a living organism, that sequence must be linked to an origin of replication, which is a sequence of DNA capable of directing the propagation of itself and any linked sequence. However, a number of other features are needed and a variety of specialised cloning vectors (small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted) exist that allow protein expression, tagging, single stranded RNA and DNA production and a host of other manipulations.
Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps^[3]

1. fragmentation - breaking apart a strand of DNA
2. ligation - gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence
3. transfection - inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells
4. screening/selection - selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA

Although these steps are invariable among cloning procedures a number of alternative routes can be selected, these are summarized as a 'cloning strategy'.
Initially, the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size. Subsequently, a ligation procedure is used where the amplified fragment is inserted into a vector (piece of DNA). The vector (which is frequently circular) is linearised using restriction enzymes, and incubated with the fragment of interest under appropriate conditions with an enzyme called DNA ligase. Following ligation the vector with the

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Blood Rain in India

The whole world because in India splashy rain blood. Really raining red. The answer is true. This natural phenomenon, actually since the date of July 25 and September 23, 2001, the rain falls down with a wide red. Just cash it makes the world community was shocked. There was what was like this. Moreover, the rain fell in southern India's Kerala region overwhelmingly believe in the greatness of god. It was raining heavily and colored merahdan other colors are yellow, pink and green. Actually, the black rain in Kerala pernahterjadi also concentrated around the beginning of 1896 and several times since then.



At first, the experts argued that it was caused by the impact of venomena hypothetical meteor burst, but from the research conducted by the Indian government knows and they concluded that the rain which fell dikerala air caused by spores from local terrestrial algae productive.

Especially the year 2006 the blood-colored rain came down in southern Kerala India, this is massively covered by media both locally and worldwide. Furthermore, the Indian State governments continued to conduct research on a rare natural phenomenon, the next Godfrey Louis and Santhosh Kumar of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam proposed research on the controversial hypothesis that the colored particles extraterrestrial cells.

The first rain fell in Kottayam and Idukki districts in the southern region of India. Not only red rain, the first 10 days of rain were reported yellow, green and even black. After 10 days, rainfall intensity subsided until September.

The rain fell only on a limited region and usually only lasts about 20 minutes per rain. The local residents find the clothes dried in the sun turns red like blood. Local residents also reported the sound of explosions and light rain that preceded the explosion is believed to be a meteor.

Rain water samples are taken soon to be investigated by the Indian government and scientists. One of the independent scientists who examined them was Godfrey Louis and Santosh Kumara from the University of Mahatma Gandhi.

They collected more than 120 reports from local residents and collect samples of red rain water from areas along 100 km. The first time they thought that the red particles are particles in the water-borne sand of the desert Arabs.

This never happened in July 1968 where the sand from the Sahara carried by the wind to cause red rain in England. But they found that the red elements in the water is not a grain of sand, but the living cells.

The composition of these cells consisted of 50% Carbon, 45% oxygen and 5% other elements such as iron and sodium, consistent with the other components of biological cells, and cells were also dividing. The cell was between 30-10 micrometers in diameter with a thick cell wall and has a variation in membrane nanostructure.

But there is no identifiable nucleus. Each cubic meter of samples taken, there are 100 grams of red elements. So when summed, then from July to September there were 50 tons of spilled red particles to Earth.

At the University of Sheffield, UK, an expert named Milton Wainwright microbiologically confirmed that the red elements are living cells. This is stated because Wainwright had found the DNA of the cell elements, although he has not managed to extract it.

Because of the red particles are living cells, the scientists theorized that particles that are blood red. According to them, possibly meteorite exploded in the air had been massacred a group of bats in the air. But this theory was rejected because of lack of evidence that supports such as bat wings who fell to earth.

By linking between the sound of explosions and light rain that preceded it, Louis put forward the theory that the red cells are extra-terrestrial beings. Louis concluded that the red material came from a comet entering the earth's atmosphere and exploded over the skies of India.

A study conducted by doctoral students from Queen's University, Ireland named Patrick McCafferty find a record of history linking colored rain with meteor explosion.

McCafferty analyzed 80 reports of colored rains, 20 reports of water turned into blood, and 68 examples of similar phenomena like black rain, milk or honey rain that falls from the sky.

36 percent of those samples was connected with the

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Diposkan oleh Mahmudah Rahmatillah di 06.34 0 komentar

History of technology

The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques, and is similar in many ways to the history of humanity. Background knowledge has enabled people to create new things, and conversely, many scientific endeavors have become possible through technologies which assist humans to travel to places we could not otherwise go, and probe the nature of the universe in more detail than our natural senses allow.
Technological artifacts are products of an economy, a force for economic growth, and a large part of everyday life. Technological innovations affect, and are affected by, a society's cultural traditions. They also are a means to develop and project military power.

Measuring technological progress

Many sociologists and anthropologists have created social theories dealing with social and cultural evolution. Some, like Lewis H. Morgan, Leslie White, and Gerhard Lenski, declare technological progress to be the primary factor driving the development of human civilization. Morgan's concept of three major stages of social evolution (savagery, barbarism, and civilization) can be divided by technological milestones, like fire, the bow, and pottery in the savage era, domestication of animals, agriculture, and metalworking in the barbarian era and the alphabet and writing in the civilization era.
Instead of specific inventions, White decided that the measure by which to judge the evolution of culture was energy. For White "the primary function of culture" is to "harness and control energy." White differentiates between five stages of human development: In the first, people use energy of their own muscles. In the second, they use energy of domesticated animals. In the third, they use the energy of plants (agricultural revolution). In the fourth, they learn to use the energy of natural resources: coal, oil, gas. In the fifth, they harness nuclear energy. White introduced a formula P=E*T, where E is a measure of energy consumed, and T is the measure of efficiency of technical factors utilizing the energy. In his own words, "culture evolves as the amount of energy harnessed per capita per year is increased, or as the efficiency of the instrumental means of putting the energy to work is increased". Russian astronomer, Nikolai Kardashev, extrapolated his theory creating the Kardashev scale, which categorizes the energy use of advanced civilizations.
Lenski takes a more modern approach and focuses on information. The more information

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Diposkan oleh Mahmudah Rahmatillah di 07.01 0 komentar

President leaves to Makassar for governors working Confab

Tuesday, October 19, 2010 15:07 WIB | National | | Viewed 203 time(s)

Jakarta (ANTARA News) - President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono left for Makassar, Tuesday morning, to open a working meeting of all governors of Indonesia.

The President and First Lady Ani Yudhoyono left Halim Perdanakusuma airport here at 6.15 am on board a Garuda Indonesia aircraft for a two and a half hours flight.

Beside opening the working meeting, Yudhoyono is also scheduled to inaugurate several infrastructure projects in South Sulawesi, while the First Lady meets the wives of the governors.

The President is scheduled to fly back to Jakarta on Tuesday at 16.50 pm.

Several Ministers are accompanying the President including Coordinating Minister for People`s Welfare Agung Laksono, Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs Djoko Suyanto, Minister/State Secretary Sudi Silalahi, Cabinet Secretary Dipo Alam, Minister of Sea and Fisheries Fadel Muhammad, Minister of National Development Plan/National Development Planning Board Armida Alisjahbana and Minister of Youth and Sports Andi Mallarangeng. (*)

Palu immigration hunting problematic Indian national

Tuesday, October 19, 2010 15:10 WIB | National | | Viewed 213 time(s)

Palu, C Sulawesi (ANTARA News) - The Palu immigration office has launched a hunt for a problematic Indian national identified as Sunil Dut, a spokesman said.

Yusus Sadu, head of the Local immigration detention center, said here on Tuesday there was information that Sunil Dut was hiding in Tojo Una-una district in the province.

"We have tried to hunt him at a location believed to be his hideout at a mining area in Bulan village but we failed to reach the location because of the treacherous terrain," Yusus said.

He said the mining area was located on a mountain slope, some 70 kilometers from

Balingara village on the trans Sulawesi highway on the Poso-Ampana axis road.

"We only reached Balinggara village and then returned to Palu because the car we traveled in was not sturdy enough to reach the intended location," Yusus said.

According to him, Sunil Dut, the Indian national had violated immigration law because his passport had expired 8 years ago but he had never have it extended.

Yusus said Sunil should have left Indonesia when his passport expired but he remained somewhere in Central Sulawesi up to the present.

Meanwhile, Bong (17 years), a Filipino fishermen who was stranded on an outer island in Tolitoli district in September 2010 was still at the Palu immigration detention house.

"We have yet to deport Bong to his country of origin because we have not yet received confirmation on his nationality from the Philippine consulate general in Manado, North Sulawesi," Yusus said.(*)

APEC countries to develop agriculture in sustainable ways

 Tuesday, October 19, 2010 15:12 WIB | National | | Viewed 213 time(s)

Jakarta (ANTARA News) - Countries grouped in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum have agreed to develop their agriculture in sustainable ways to help solve the global issue of food security, Agriculture Minister Suwono said.

"Food security has now become a serious and urgent global problem that needs to be addressed immediately," he said here Monday.

Suwono said the agreement to develop agriculture in sustainable ways was reached at the first Ministerial Meeting of APEC on Food Security held in Japan, October 16 - 17, 2010.

Nowadays, Suwono added, a quarter of the world`s population living in APEC countries was suffering from malnutrition and the condition was being worsened by natural disturbances interrupting the food supply in those countries.

Therefore, Suwono said , as a means to fulfill the demand of regional food supply and contribution against food security globally, APEC members were prepared to lend a hand in the agricultural sector.

In developing agriculture sustainability, Suswono said, APEC members should increase their food supply capacity and heighten their agricultural preparedness against natural disasters.

Development of rural communities and overcoming the challenge of global climate change ware also needed to solve the problem.

The minister said at the First APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security hold in Niigata, Japan, agreement was also reached to facilitate investment, trade and markets.

Promoting investment in agriculture, facilitating trade in food and agricultural products, reinforcing trust in agriculture markets and improving the security of food supply and trade were needed to overcome the food security problem.

At the meeting, the ministers from APEC countries also issued a Niigata Declaration on APEC Food on Security to which Indonesia contributed two points on efforts to achieve sustainable food security.

The two points stressed the importance of local resources in effecting food diversification and regional cooperation in overcoming food emergencies in the Asia Pacific region. (*)

Bank Indonesia Plans to Offer Longer-Term Deposits to Curb Currency Swings

By Novrida Manurung and Berni Moestafa - Oct 19, 2010 12:34 PM GMT+0700

 

The Indonesian central bank plans to offer term deposits with longer maturities of three months, six months and nine months as it seeks to reduce currency volatility following a surge in capital inflows.
Bank Indonesia has yet to decide when to issue the new term deposits, Dyah Nastiti Makhijani, a spokeswoman at the central bank, said by telephone in Jakarta today. The current maturities are for one and two months. Bank Indonesia’s term deposits cannot be traded in the secondary market and investors must hold them until maturity, Makhijani said.
Indonesia joins countries such as Brazil and South Korea in seeking to curb currency gains as near-zero interest rates in the U.S. and Japan spur funds to seek higher returns in emerging markets. The rupiah has risen 5.2 percent against the dollar this year as investors poured money into an economy where the benchmark interest rate is 6.5 percent.
“Bank Indonesia is adding more instruments to absorb excess liquidity so it won’t interfere with the rupiah,” said David Sumual, an economist at PT Bank Central Asia. “Now it’s a good time for a deepening of the financial market when there is strong capital inflow.”
Brazil yesterday raised the tax on foreign investments in fixed-income securities to curb gains in the real.
Bank Indonesia introduced the one-month term deposit in July and the two-month deposit in October. The deposits have absorbed 52 trillion rupiah ($5.8 billion) of liquidity as of the third week of October, Makhijani said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Novrida Manurung at nmanurung@bloomberg.net
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Chris Anstey at canstey@bloomberg.net

Italy Seen as Bigger Default Risk Than Indonesia: Euro Credit

October 19, 2010, 8:00 AM EDT

More From Businesswee

By Anchalee Worrachate

Oct. 19 (Bloomberg) -- Italy’s debt costs more to insure against default than that of the Philippines or Indonesia, as Europe’s financial woes overshadow a credit rating six levels higher than either of the emerging-market nations.

Credit-default swaps on Italy, the only borrower among Europe’s so-called peripheral nations not to suffer a cut in its credit rating since last year, trade at 165.5 basis points. That’s more than the 131 basis points for Indonesia, which had to restructure some of its debt in 2000, or the 129 basis points for the Philippines.

“Italy might be pricing in more default risk than it should,” said Johannes Jooste, a portfolio strategist at Merrill Lynch Wealth Management in London, which oversees $1.4 trillion in assets globally. “The emerging market is benefiting from ample liquidity which has artificially pushed the market too strongly, more so on the CDS than cash bonds.”

Italy’s credit default swaps reached a record high of 244.7 basis points on June 4 after Greece’s near-default fueled investor concern about the solvency of the euro-region’s most- indebted nation. The price of insuring Asian debt has dropped amid record demand for emerging-market bonds as investors wager those economies will drive the global recovery while Europe wrestles with surging budget deficits and sluggish growth.

The cost of insuring Italian government bonds against payment failure is also higher than that of Russia, which in 1998 defaulted on $40 billion of domestic debt.

‘Clear Demarcation’

Standard & Poor’s rates Italy at A+, six steps higher than its non-investment grade BB+ level for both the Philippines and Indonesia.

“We like Italy,” said Mohit Kumar, a fixed income strategist at Deutsche Bank AG in London. “There is a clear demarcation between Italy and the rest of the euro-peripheral world. Italy might be highly indebted, but its deficit- consolidation plan in the next five years is pretty much in line with what Germany has to do.”

The yield premium investors demand to buy Italian 10-year bonds instead of German bunds fell four basis points to a two- month low of 134 basis points, down from a euro-era high of 185 basis points on June 8. That compares with 158 basis points for Spanish debt, while Ireland and Portugal each pay a surcharge of more than twice that of Italy. Indonesian debt yields 471 basis points more than bunds.

Fund Flows

A record $40.5 billion has flowed into emerging-market bond funds this year, more than four times the full-year high of $9.7 billion in 2005, according to data from research firm EPFR Global. Indonesia, with a budget deficit of 1.5 percent of gross domestic product, grew 6.2 percent in the second quarter from a year earlier, while the Philippines, with a budget gap of 2.2 percent of GDP, expanded at an annual rate of 7.9 percent.

Italian bonds have gained 1.1 percent in the past month and 4.5 percent this year as investors reward Italy for doing a better job of controlling its deficit than its euro-region peers. Its shortfall of 5.3 percent of GDP last year is less than half that of Ireland, Greece and Spain, all of which had to cut wages and raise taxes to try to meet 2011 deficit-reduction goals.

“There is an element of Italian bonds being mispriced in this case,” Jooste said. “The Italian spreads have been volatile and they tend to follow peripheral stories. Our view on the peripheral market is that the market might have pushed it a bit too far. We expect the spread to pull in, although not to the pre-crisis level.”

Deficit Falling

Italy’s economy, the euro region’s third largest, is set to expand 1.2 percent this year and unemployment fell for a third month in August to 8.2 percent, less than the European Union average of 10.1 percent. The government intends to cut its budget shortfall to 3.9 percent of GDP next year and to limit any increase in the debt level to less than one percentage point, to 119.2 percent of GDP.

Even with deficit falling, investors remained concern about Italy’s ability to cut debt given prospects for economic growth, said John Stopford, head of fixed income at Investec Asset Management in London.

“Perceptions of risk are changing,” said Stopford. “Developed economies in the near term are suffering from low growth, large debt levels and aging population while the emerging economies are doing well. Whether the market got that comparison right might be debatable, but people are quite right to reappraise risks.”

A basis point on a credit-default swap contract protecting 10 million euros ($13.9 million) of debt from default for five years is equivalent to 1,000 euros a year.

Credit-default swaps pay the buyer face value in exchange for the underlying securities or the cash equivalent should a company fail to adhere to its debt agreements.

--With assistance by Abigail Moses in London. Editors: Andrew Davis, Mark Gilbert
To contact the reporter on this story: Anchalee Worrachate in London at aworrachate@bloomberg.net;
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Daniel Tilles at dtilles@bloomberg.net

Indonesia Activists Reject Suharto

Human rights activists on Tuesday slammed proposals to honour late Indonesian dictator Suharto as a national hero.
The military strongman's authoritarian rule might have brought economic progress and stability but at the expense of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, they said.
Suharto is among 10 names nominated for the title of National Hero of Indonesia, the country's highest honour.
The annual award goes to Indonesians who "perform acts of heroism and make extraordinary contributions" to the nation.
But anti-graft campaigner Teten Masduki, of Transparency International, said Suharto was unworthy of such an honour because he led a corrupt regime that stole billions of dollars from the country.
"He was extraordinarily corrupt to the point of bankrupting Indonesia. How could such a person be made a national hero?" he told AFP.
Suharto, who died in 2008 aged 86, allegedly pocketed billions of dollars for himself and his children during his reign from 1967 to 1998, when he resigned amid economic turmoil and mass street demonstrations.
He is also blamed for serious human rights abuses including massacres of alleged communists during a 1965-1966 crackdown that killed an estimated half a million people.
His legacy is still debated in the mainly Muslim country of 240 million people, as his corruption and brutal repression is weighed against a record of economic growth.
Human rights activist Raharjo Waluyo Jati, of independent group Voice of Human Rights, said he did not deserve the title of national hero.
"He caused so much suffering. So many activists were arrested, detained, punished and some even killed without trial during his rule," he said.
"All the mess Indonesia is in now, with problems of corruption and human rights violations, were his doing. He built this chaos."
Other nominees include late president Abdurrahman Wahid, popularly known as Gus Dur, a devout Muslim scholar who staunchly defended the country's pluralist traditions.
Nominations were submitted by the public and shortlisted by the Social Affairs Ministry.
The list will be submitted to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono for approval ahead of National Heroes Day on November 10.

Ulama Ingatkan Masyarakat Hati-hati Memaknai 10-10-10

Ulama Ingatkan Masyarakat Hati-hati Memaknai 10-10-10

Antara - Senin, 11 Oktober


Padang (ANTARA) - Ulama Sumatera Barat Gusrizal Gazahar mengingatkan kepada masyarakat khususnya umat Muslim yang melangsungkan pernikahan pada Minggu (10-10-2010) agar hati-hati dalam memaknainya, karena hal itu dapat menjerumuskan seseorang dalam kurafat yang menjurus pada kesyirikan.

"Dalam Islam tidak ada pengkhususan tentang hari pernikahan, apalagi memaknai hari dan tanggal tertentu dengan keistimewaan tertentu," katanya di Padang, Minggu.

Ia mengatakan, hari ataupun tanggal tidak dapat dikatakan memiliki keistimewaan kecuali ada landasan syar`i di dalamnya, baik melalui Al-Quran dan Hadist. Ia mencontohkan, seperti hadis Rasulullah tentang keutamaan hari Jumat, yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Muslim.

"Rasulullah pernah bersabda, hari terbaik di mana matahari terbit di dalamnya ialah hari Jumat. Pada hari itu Adam Alaihis Salam diciptakan, dimasukkan ke surga, dikeluarkan daripadanya dan kiamat tidak terjadi kecuali di hari Jumat (Hadist Riwayat Imam Muslim)," kata Ketua MUI Sumbar Bidang Fatwa itu.

Namun, terkait hari pernikahan, Rasulullah SAW tidak pernah mengkhususkan hari tertentu agar umatnya menikah pada hari-hari tertentu itu. Semua hari dalam Islam itu baik asalkan dimulai dengan niat karena Allah SWT, katanya.

Ia menilai, dalam pandangan Islam, tidaklah salah bila umat Islam menikah pada hari (10-10-2010) jika itu memang telah dimusyawarahkan antara keluarga dari kedua mempelai.

Yang salah, katanya, jika masyarakat menganggap hari ini memiliki keistimewaan tertentu berdasarkan perhitungan-perhitungan yang mengandung nilai kurafat lalu menjadikannya sebagai sesuatu yang sakral sehingga dalam kategori ini, orang itu dapat dianggap sebagai orang jahil (bodoh) dalam agama.

Terkait hal itu, ia mengingatkan, masyarakat khususnya umat Islam agar tidak menjadikan opini umum yang berkembang saat ini sebagai suatu pemahaman yang harus dibenarkan. Ia menegaskan, masyarakat harus lebih cerdas memahami kontekstual kehidupan termasuk perihal pernikahan dengan memperdalam ilmu-ilmu Islam.

Ia mengatakan, ilmu agama terkait pernikahan itu sangat penting sebab pernikahan merupakan pintu dari amalan besar ketika seseorang telah memiliki tanggung jawab untuk membina keluarga yang sakinah, mawaddah dan warrahmah.

Ia menambahkan, jika ada umat Islam yang terjebak dalam kesalahpahaman terhadap hari ini (10-10-2010), berarti telah muncul pula kejahilan baru dalam masyarakat.

"Masalah walimah yang melanggar aturan Islam saja belum dapat dituntaskan, ditambah lagi dengan masalah baru karena jahilnya umat memaknai tanggal 10-10-2010 hari ini," katanya.

Terkait persoalan tersebut, ia menambahkan, hal itu terjadi akibat tatanan dakwah di kalangan umat Islam saat ini sudah beralih kepada dakwah enterteint (dakwah yang hanya mengandung nilai hiburan), tanpa memperhatikan tujuan dasar dan sasaran dakwah itu sendiri.

Menurutnya, tatatanan dakwah harus kembali difungsikan oleh mubaligh tidak sebatas kajian parsial saja, namun harus menyentuh hingga persoalan dasar dalam agama Islam yakni kajian tauhid (keyakinan).

"Dakwah harus kembali di arahkan pada kajian tauhid yang menyentuh persolaan keyakinan umat pada nilai ukhrawi (akhirat) hingga umat Islam tidak terjerumus dalam pemahaman kurafat," katanya.

GAMBARAN HIDUP SESUDAH MATI

Sahabat Ma'adz bin Jabal bertanya kepada Rasulullah : " Ya Rasul ...Terangkan kepadaku tentang makna firman Allah : Yaitu hari ketika ditiup sangkakala, lalu kamu datang berkelompok-kelompok .”

Maka menangislah Rasulullah. Cucuran airmatanya membasahi bajunya Engkau telah bertanya sesuatu yang dahsyat. Umatku akan dibangkitkan pada hari kiamat dalam kelompok-kelompok 12 (dua belas) tabiat :

Kelompok pertama : Dibangkitkan tanpa tangan dan kaki. Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan " Mereka adalah orang-orang yang menggangu tetangganya. Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya ."

Kelompok kedua : Dibangkitkan dalam bentuk babi. Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang bermalas-malas melakukan shalat Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya ."

Kelompok ketiga : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya dalam keadaan perut besar menggunung, dipenuhi ular dan kalajengking

Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang menahan-nahan zakat Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok keempat : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya dalam keadaan darah mengalir dari mulut. Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang berdusta dalam jual-beli Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok kelima : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya dalam keadaan berbau busuk. Lebih busuk dari bau bangkai Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang melakukan maksiat tersembunyi karena merasa takut dilihat orang tetapi tidak takut dari pengawasan Allah Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok keenam : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya dalam keadaan terputus lehernya Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan

"Mereka adalah orang-orang yang memberi kesaksian palsu Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok ketujuh : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya tanpa memiliki lidah. Dari mulutnya mengalir nanah dan darah. Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan " Mereka adalah orang-orang yang menolak memberi kesaksian Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok kedelapan : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya dalam keadaan tertunduk. Kedua kaki di atas kepala Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan " Mereka adalah orang-orang yang gemar melakukan zina dan keburu mati sebelum bertobat Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok kesembilan : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya dalam keadaan berwajah hitam. Matanya biru perutnya penuh api Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang memakan harta, dan merampas hak anak-anak yatim secara zalim Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok kesepuluh : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya Dalam keadaan sakit kusta dan sopak Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang mendurhakai kedua orangtua Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok kesebelas : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya dalam keadaan buta-hati buta-mata. Giginya seperti tanduk kerbau. Bibir dan lidahnya bergelantungan mencapai dada, perut, dan paha. Sedang dari perutnya keluar kotoran. Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang gemar meminum khamr Maka inilah ganjarannya dan nerakalah tempatnya."

Kelompok kedua belas : Dibangkitkan dari kuburnya dengan wajah bercahaya, seperti sinar bulan purnama. Melewati sirath al-Mustaqim. Secepat kilat menyambar angin Seraya terdengar suara dari sisi Tuhan " Mereka adalah orang-orang yang melakukan amal kebajikan. Menjauhi segala kemaksiatan. Rajin memenuhi panggilan shalat, dan mati sesudah bertobat Maka ganjaran mereka adalah: Pengampunan, rahmat, dan ridha, Serta surga dari Allah Ta'ala."

Teks Qasidah yaa Rabbi Alimal Hall ( Arabic/indo Traslate )

يَا رَبِّ يَا عَالِمَ الْحَال


يَا رَبِّ عَالِمَ الْحَـالْ

Wahai Allah yang mengetahui hal hamba



إِلَيْكَ وَجَّهْتُ اْلآمـَالْ

Kepada-Mu aku hadapkan segala cita-cita



فَامْنُنْ عَلَيْناَ بِاْلإقْبـَالْ

Kurniakanlah kami nikmat perkenan dari-Mu



وَكُنْ لَناَ وَاصْلِحِ الْبـَالْ

Serta belas kasihan dan tenteramkan hati kami



يَارَبِّ يَا خَيـْرَ كـَافِي

Wahai Allah yang Maha mencukupi



اُحْلُـلْ عَلَيْنـَا الْعَـوَافِي

Berilah kami sihat afiat



فَلَيْسَ شَيْء ثَمَّ خـَافِي

Kerana tiada yang sulit atas-Mu



عَلَيْكَ تَفْصِيْلُ وَاجْمـَالْ

Segala sesuatu dalam pengetahuan-Mu


وَقَـْد أَتـَاكَ بِعُـذْرِه

Ia telah datang pada-Mu dengan dosa



وَبِانْكِسـَارِهِ وَفَقْـرِه

Dan kesedihan dan kefakirannya



فَاهْزِمْ بِيُسْـرِكَ عُسْـره

Angkatlah dengan kemudahan-Mu segala kesusahannya


بِمَحْضِ جُوْدِكَ وَاْلإِفْضَالْ

Dengan Berkat kemurahan dan kurnia-Mu


وَامْـنُنْ عَلَيـْهِ بِتَوْبـَةْ

Kurniakanlah padanya taubat



تَغْسِلْهُ مِنْ كُلِّ حَوْبـَةْ

Yang dapat menghapus segala dosa


وَاعْصِمْهُ مِنْ شَرِّ أَوْبـَةْ

Jagalah ia dari segala bahaya



لِكُلِّ مَا عَنْهُ قَدْ حـَالْ

Dari segala yang akan menimpa padanya



فَأَنْتَ مَـوْلَى الْمَـوَالِي

Engkau adalah Tuhan seluruh hamba



الْمُنْـفَرِدُ بِـالْكَمـَالِ

Yang Esa dalam kesempurnaanMu



وَبِـالْعُـلَى وَالتَّعـَالِي

Dalam ketinggian dan keagunganMu


عَلَوْتَ عَنْ ضَرْبِ الأَمْثَالْ

Maha suci Allah dari semua keserupaan



جُوْدُكَ وَفَضْلُكَ وَبِـرُّكَ

Kemurahan, kurnia, dan kebaikan-Mu



يُرْجَى وَبَطْشُكَ وَقَهْـرُكَ

Sungguh sangat di harapkan. Murka dan marah-Mu


يُخْشَى وَذِكْرُكَ وَشُكْـرُكَ

Sungguh sangat di takutkan. Berdzikir dan bersyukur pada-Mu


لاَزِمْ وَحَمْدُكَ وَاْلإِجْـلاَلْ

Adalah lazim, demikian pula memuji dan mengagungkan-Mu



وَصَـلِّ فِي كُلِّ حَالَـةْ

Selawat pada setiap masa



عَلَى مُزِيْـلِ الضَّلاَلـَةْ

Di atas nabi penghapus kesesatan



مَـنْ كَلَّمَتْـهُ الْغَزَالـَةْ

Kepadanya rusa bercakap



مُحَمَّدِ الْهـَادِي الـدَّالْ

Iaitu Muhammad penunjuk jalan



وَالْحَمْـدُ لِلّـه شُكْـرًا

Segala puji bagi Allah sebagai tanda syukur



عَلَى نِعَمٍ مِنْـهُ تَتْـرَى

Atas nikmatNya yang tidak putus



نَحْمَـدُهُ سِـرًّا وَجَهْـرًا

Kami memuji padaNya dengan rahsia dan terang



وَبِـالْغَـدَايَـا وَاْلآصـَالْ

Siang malam setiap waktu

 Silsilah Singkat Rasulullah saw.

Muhammad Beliau adalah Abu al-Qasim Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mutthalib bin Hasyim bin Abdimanaf bin Qusay bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’ab bin Luay bin Ghalib bin Fihr bin Malik bin an-Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzaima bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Maad bin Adnan bin Udad bin al-Muqawwam bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya’rub bin Yasyjub bin Nabit bin Ismail bin Ibrahim “Kekasih Allah” (alaihima as-salam) bin Tarih atau Azar bin Nahur bin Saru’ bin Ra’u bin Falikh bin Aybir bin Syalikh bin bin Arfakhsyad bin Sam bin Nuh (alaihis salam) bin Lamk bin Mutusyalkh bin Akhnukh — yaitu Nabi Idris keturunan Nabi Adam yang pertama menjadi nabi dan yang menulis dengan pena — bin Yarda bin Mahlil bin Qinan bin Yanish bin Syits bin Adam alaihissalam.
Nasab ini disebutkan oleh Muhammad bin Ishak bin Yasar al-Madani di salah satu riwayatnya. Nasab Rasulullah sampai Adnan disepakati oleh para ulama, sedangkan setelah Adnan terjadi perbedaan pendapat. Yang dimaksud Quraisy adalah putra Fihr bin Malik atau an-Nadhr bin Kinanah.

Ibu Rasulullah saw
Ibunya adalah Aminah binti Wahb bin Abdimanaf bin Zuhrah bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka’ab bin Luay bin Ghalib.

Kelahiran Rasulullah saw
Beliau dilahirkan di Mekah pada tahun Gajah bulan Rabiul Awal, tanggal dua belas, hari Senin.
Sebagian ulama mengatakan bahwa beliau dilahirkan setelah tiga puluh tahun dari tahun gajah. Sebagian lagi mengatakan setelah empat puluh tahun dari tahun gajah. Pendapat yang benar adalah pada tahun gajah.

Kematian ayah, ibu, dan kakeknya
Ayahnya meninggal dunia ketika ia berusia dua puluh delapan bulan. Menurut sebagian ulama usianya tujuh bulan ketika ayahnya meninggal. Ada lagi yang berpendapat bahwa ayahnya meninggal di perkampungan an-Nabighah ketika ia masih janin. Dan dikatakan pula bahwa ayahnya wafat di daerah Abwa yang terletak antara Makkah dan Madinah.
Abu Abdillah Zubair bin Bakkar az-Zubairi berkata: Abdullah bin Abdul Mutthalib wafat di Madinah ketika Muhammad berusia dua bulan.
Sedangkan ibunya meninggal dunia ketika ia berusia empat tahun. Sementara kakeknya meninggal dunia ketika usia Muhammad delapan tahun. Dikatakan pula bahwa ibunya wafat ketika ia berusia enam tahun.

Penyusuan Muhammad
Muhammmad disusui oleh Tsuwaibah budak Abu Lahab bersama dengan penyusuan Hamzah bin Abdul Mutthalib dan Abu Salamah Abdullah bin Abdul Asad al-Makhzumi dengan air susu anaknya yang bernama Masruh.
Kemudian Muhammad disusui oleh Halimah binti Abi Dzuaib as-Sa’diyah.

Nama-nama Rasulullah SAW
Jubair bin Mut’im berkata: “Rasulullah SAW bersabda: ‘Saya adalah Muhammad, saya adalah Ahmad, saya adalah al-Mahi yang dengan sebabku Allah SWT menghapus kekufuran, saya adalah al-Hasyir yang mengumpulkan manusia, saya adalah al-A’qib yang tidak ada nabi lagi setelahku.’” (Hadits sahih diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim)
Abu Musa Abdullah bin Qais berkata: “Rasulullah SAW memberikan dirinya beberapa nama di antaranya ada yang kami hafal. Beliau mengatakan: ‘Saya Muhammad, saya Ahmad, saya al-Muqaffi, saya Nabi taubat dan Nabi rahmat.’ Dalam riwayat lain: ‘dan Nabi peperangan.’ Hadits sahih diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.
Jabir bin abdillah berkata: “Rasulullah SAW bersabda: ‘Saya Ahmad, saya Muhammad, saya al-Hasyir (yang mengumpulkan), saya al-Mahi (yang dengan sebabku Allah SWT menghapus kekefuran), dan pada hari kiamat nanti panji kemuliaan berada di tanganku. Aku pemimpin para rasul dan pemilik syafaat mereka.”
Allah SWT memberikan nama kepadanya di dalam Al-Quran dengan nama Basyir (pembawa kabar baik), Nadzir (pembawa berita buruk), Rauf (lemah lembut), Rahim (penyayang), dan Rahmatan lilalamin (pembawa rahmat buat alam semesta).